《关于北京天坛的经典导游词合集16篇》
关于北京天坛的经典导游词（精选16篇）
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇1
上帝牌位的正殿---皇穹宇及存放日月星辰、风云雷电诸神牌位的东西配殿。
正殿皇穹宇象一把巨大的雨伞，其殿顶呈圆形，基座为圆形，院落的围墙也是圆形，这些“圆”都是敬天礼神的象征，但也正是这些“圆”及建筑，造就了不可思议的奇迹，即皇穹宇院内的三大声学现象。首先，我们来看一看这院落的圆形围墙，它就是闻名中外的建筑——回音壁。那么回音壁有何神奇之处呢?其现象是这样的：如果两人站在两座配殿后的围墙下，均面部朝北对墙小声说话，都能非常清晰地听到对方所讲的话。这是为什么呢?因为呀，整个围墙是圆形的.，又磨砖对缝，墙面十分光滑，再加上围墙顶部盖有檐瓦，声音不宜散失，于是声波便沿着圆墙连续反射而产生回音。各位可以试一试，我们五分钟后到皇穹宇前集合。
下面请各位看看第二个有趣的现象。请看皇穹宇丹陛下有三块石头，如果站在第一块石头上拍手，会听到一次回音;如果站在第二块石头上拍手，可以听到二次回声;如果站在第三块石头上拍手，可以听到三次回音，故称此石为三音石。其实据声学专家测量，如果这里足够安静，在三音石上拍手，其回声是无限次的，只是我们人类只能听到三声。这又是为什么呢?原因很简单，如果你站在三音石上环顾一下四周，你会发现，噢!原来我站在了整座院落的中心，那里是回声产生的最佳位置。
第三个有趣的地方是从丹陛上往南数的第十八块石头，它被称为对话石，其奇特之处是：如果一人站在该石板上，另外两人分别站在东西配殿的西北角及东北角，那这三个人轻声说话就象打电话一样清晰，这是因为他们三人所处的位置恰巧是一个边长为36米的等边三角形的三个顶尖上，故产生了这种奇特的现象。在这个充满神奇的小院里，可能还会有其它的“秘密”等待着我们去发现，也许您就是发现者，好!下面请各位感受一下三音石及对话石的妙趣，5分钟后我们在门口集合。
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇2
各位游客：你们好，我叫牛牛，这天由我来做你们的导游!
这天我们旅游的景点是天坛，此刻，让我们一齐上车，请注意系好安全带。此刻，我们已经到达天坛，请各位游客下车。
游客们，当一进正门，我们将会看到许多个形状像坛子似的建筑，据说这个景点在一八六零年曾遭到英法联军的洗劫，一九零零年还遭受到八国联军的蹂躏。然而，在新中国成立以后，那里成为了著名的旅游景点。此刻我们就以皇帝登坛的路线进行游览。
首先我们观赏第一个坛，它叫圆丘坛，它有两个防护墙，还有一些阶梯和古人的雕像。此刻我们要登坛了，游客们，请你们最好数一下脚下的阶梯，到了二楼，你们会看到许多各种各样的雕像，他们都是古代的名人。游客们，此刻你们能够自由观赏，但请注意，不要乱涂乱画，带小孩的游客请管理好自己的小孩，一小时后，我们将会前往天库。
此刻我们已经到达天库了，它的正殿就是皇穹宇，上面有三个石头，它们被称为三音石。只要你们在第一块石头拍手一下，它就回声一下，在第二块石头拍手一下，它就回声两下，在第三块石头拍手一下，它就回声三下，所以，它们才被称之为三音石。
此刻，是游客们自由活动时间，三小时后，我们在天坛正门集合，谢谢大家!
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇3
亲爱的游客们：
你们好！
我是你们的导游，你们可以叫我刘导，我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方天坛。
明朝永乐皇帝在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。
现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，而且现在这里也是一样的，各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。
也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。请大家不要攀爬树木，注意自己的言行，这是一个神圣的地方，我们要保持宁静的心态，解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。
今天的游览结束了，希望这次游览能让大家记住、在大家的心里留下深刻的回忆。
希望大家下次再来哦。
谢谢大家！
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇4
各位团友大家好，今天我们要参观的是世界上现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代祭天建筑群——天坛。
天坛位于北京东南侧，也是我国和世界上现存规模最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。始建于明永乐四年，至明永乐十八年完工。占地面积273公顷。相当于故宫的三倍还多。是明清两代皇帝祭天祈谷的场所，每年“三孟”举行祭祝，即孟春祈谷，孟夏祈雨，孟冬祀天。初建时这里也是祭祀地神的地方，称天地坛。直到明嘉靖九年在北部另建地坛。那时天地开始分别祭祀，同时还另建两坛。才形成了现今的南天坛、北地坛、东日坛、西月坛这“京郊四坛”。
天坛是圜丘、祈谷两坛的总称。建筑布局呈“回”字形，有坛墙两重，形成内外坛，坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方，故又称天地墙。主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘坛、皇穹宇、斋宫、外坛神乐署和牺牲所。除了斋宫在西部以外，其他主要三组均在一条中轴线上。在北京古代建筑中是唯一一个中轴不对称的建筑。
可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。
现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。
我们先介绍一下斋宫。斋宫位于天坛西门内，里面有著名的无梁殿。面积约4万平方米，有小紫禁城之称，是皇帝祭祀前斋戒的地方。皇帝在祭天前要在此斋戒三天。三天里“不吃荤、不饮酒、不娱乐、多沐浴、不理刑名、不近女色。”所谓至斋。在斋宫殿前的露台上左右还各有一个石亭。右面的为时辰亭，左面的为斋戒铜人亭。铜人高0.5米身着文官服饰，相传是唐代的魏征。手持斋戒铜牌，上刻“斋戒”二字，用来警示皇上。
下面我们来看圜丘坛。圜丘坛通高5.7米，分三层。每层的四个方向各有九级艾叶青石铺就的台阶。四面围有汉白玉护栏。坛外面有两道围墙，围墙从东向面依次有泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞四座棂星门。现在我们开始登坛，请大家注意一下坛面。坛面上所用的石料的数字都与九相关，上层直径9丈，中层直径15丈，下层直径21丈。三层共45丈，既是9 的倍数又含有“__之尊”的意思。最上一层坛面中间的那块圆形的大理石叫做天心石。又叫“亿兆影从石”。人站在上面说话会感到强烈的共鸣。围绕天心石这一层共砌着9圈巨大的扇形石，第一圈9块，第二圈18块。以此类推，到了最外边的第九圈正好是81块;第二层，第层也一样。直至最外第27圈。同样大家抬头就可以看到的护板被四面台阶分为四个部分，每个部分也都有9块，中层的护板是18块，下层的是27块，这些都是根据阴阳五行来做的。9是极阳数，所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来强调天的崇高，神圣。祭天时的步骤可分为：燔柴迎帝神、苍壁礼天、进俎、初献礼、亚献礼、终献礼、撤馔、送帝神、望燎。
大家再看圜丘坛的西南方。有三座高大的石台，叫做望灯台。台上的长杆是望灯杆。杆高九丈,通体红色。祭天时，望灯杆上各悬挂一只直径六尺高八尺的灯笼。灯笼内点蟠龙通宵宝蜡，可持续燃烧六个时辰。不灭、不流油、不用剪蜡花。
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，前面的建筑就是天库——皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，嘉靖十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，这里是专门存放神牌的地方。既有皇天上帝的神牌，也有风雷雨电的神牌。这组建筑不仅造型精美，而且还有和天心石合称天坛三大声学现象的回音壁、三音石。
回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，是很好的传声体，只要正确的对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，第二块石头可以听到两次，而第三块就可以听到三次回音，所以叫三音石。后来取天地人三才之意又叫“三才石”。
大家应该早就注意到了吧!天坛有非常多的柏树。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的那棵九龙柏。因为它的树干表面布满了旋转扭曲的沟纹，犹如九龙飞腾，所以叫它九龙柏。
回音壁北侧，有一条宽广的大道，也就是叫做海墁大道的丹陛桥。因路面下边建有涵洞成立体交叉，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。穿过丹陛桥后，我们看到的就是祈谷坛建筑群了。祈谷坛是三层汉白玉圆坛，占地面积近六千平方米。祈年殿就建上面。
祈年殿是天坛的象征。也曾经是中国的象征性建筑物，原名大祀殿。有祈祷丰收之年的意思。在建筑上，它是圆形重檐攒尖顶，顶部覆盖蓝色竹节瓦。逐层收缩，高达九丈，由28根红柱子支撑。是我国唯一留下来的仿明堂式建筑。过去，琉璃瓦分三种颜色，也三种不同的意思。即：上青，代表上天、中黄，代表皇帝、下绿，代表黎民百姓。后为了表示对上天的尊敬，全部改换成蓝色琉璃瓦。
而殿顶和支撑殿顶的28根柱子，也有不同的代表意义。殿顶周长30丈，代表一月30天。四根龙井柱，象征一年有四个季节。中层12根象征一年有12个月。外层12根象征一日有12时辰。中层与外层24根象征24节气。三层共28根象征天上的28星宿。如果再加上殿顶顶部的8根童柱共计36根。则象征天上的36天罡。在宝顶上还有一根叫雷公柱的镏金短铜柱，象征皇帝一统天下。 除此之外，殿顶内部还有一“龙凤藻井”，地面有一块“龙凤呈祥石”。二者相映成趣。
和祭天一样，每年这里都要举行用来祈谷的礼仪。每次祭祀前都要将大殿修饰一新。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条长廊，共七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它连接神厨神库，是祭祀时运送祭品的通道。在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石。这是风水镇石。关于七星石的说法有二。一说明代有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的东南方空旷，于国家不利。所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。二说，七星石代表东岳七峰。至于东北的小青石，是因为康熙皇帝为了给满族入主中原寻找理论依据，而派人考察泰山的发脉地络，认定泰山发脉于东北的长白山后增加的。
今天的观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇5
我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。
在一开始，祭天和祭地都是天坛，直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛，才分开的，并且新增了圜丘坛，用于孟冬祭天，把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷，当时殿宇屋顶已经是三重檐了，从上至下的蓝黄绿三色瓦分别代表了天地万物。而在乾隆年间，有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿，而将屋顶瓦片都改成了蓝色的琉璃瓦。从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧.
在，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门，从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞，每组三门，共有24座，称为“云门玉立”。大家可以注意到，棂星门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大;皇帝只能从左侧的门进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服台。来到了圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家也就都发现了，坛上所有的台阶数，护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层，都要有9层台阶，台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石，外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18块，以此类推，到了最外边的第九块。
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇6
从正门进入，广阔的绿色草坪、高大的古柏就展现在面前。由长廊向东走，就看见祈年殿。在书册图片影视上早已熟悉的面貌，如今越来越近地映入眼球，一个真实的立体蓝琉璃瓦攒尖顶、三重檐圆形建筑，座落在三层石台基上，左有配殿，四周有围墙。
抬头仰视这古代仅存的明堂式圆坛，38米多高宝顶鎏金直上蓝天。乾隆十六年在原祈谷坛上重建，以后多次修缮扩建。自幼生长于农村，半生务农，对这个孟春祈谷建筑就有一种特别的感情。我抚摸着它的墙体转了三圈。28根金丝楠木柱环转排列稳固支撑。中间四根“龙井柱”象征一年春夏秋冬四季，中层十二根大柱象征12个月，外层12根檐柱象征一天12个时辰。中外加起来24根象征24节气。这种设计就寓意着天时气候与农业生产的紧密联系。将它固化崇拜祭祀祈求，便可五谷丰登六畜兴旺。二千多年前就从民间开始的祭祀天地敬神祈祷活动，自然与以农立国的国家政权产生联系，逐渐演变成属于“天子”的专权，定为国家“大典”，规模超过宗庙祭祀。由于农事生产的基础和根本是土地，就将天坛设计为北圆南方，象征天圆地方，又在北方建了地坛，东西建日月坛。天坛内一条中轴线贯通南北。
我们踏着这过去皇帝才能走的丹陛桥一直向南走，脚下感到绵软舒适。到回音壁外，在茶水滩上买了一瓶绿茶，边饮边与女掌柜了解一些天坛故事。她说圆形围墙里是“天库”。我们进去先喊一声“你好”，也没多大的回音。也许那反射声波的墙体老了或添加的建筑影响了圆周的精确度。转身上台阶，是供奉祀天大典所供神版的木拱结构皇穹宇、造型严谨精致庄重，蓝瓦金顶。环转16根顶有溜金斗拱的金柱支撑。殿内青绿基调的金龙天花藻井，中心大金团龙图案美观大气，不愧为古代杰作。主殿两侧东西配房都是歇山顶，蓝琉璃瓦面，伸出台阶，饰旋子彩画。东殿供大明（太阳）北斗七星、金木水火土五星，周天星辰等：西殿供夜明（月）神、云雨风雷诸神位。这种设置，囊括宇宙自然是皇帝“天子”驾御欲的体现，也包涵敬畏之意。，老百姓则如《击壤歌》中唱的“帝力何有于我哉。”不过风调雨顺，五谷丰登是上下都希望的，上可顺利征收赋税粮草，下则略有温饱。这就是天坛重农耕供有关诸神的原因。此时仿佛听到神乐署祭祀礼乐，呼应着我的土地自然情结，引我们向南到圜丘。
每年冬至在这个台上举行“祀天大典”，民间称“祭天台”。汉白玉石栏板，艾叶青石台面。圜丘的石阶，各层面石各石栏数量，都以“九”和“九”的倍数组成，寓“九重天”至高无上之意。这里加上祈年殿，是天坛的完整版意义。我绕三层坛转一圈，最后在“天心石”站定拍照。北望重楼阁门，遥思遐想，有几人真正能做到“为天地立心、为生民立命、为往世继绝学、为万世开太平”？
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇7
大家好，面前的建筑叫做天坛，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方，所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌，而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主，还有东西配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上，天，宇宙的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。
它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇，总体呈圆形，下边是高2.85米的圆形须弥座，为青白石筑成，有东南西三个方向的出陛，也就是台阶，而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架没有横梁承托，全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑，步步收缩，从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，十分的平滑，是很好的声音载体，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，第二块石头可以听到两次，而第三块就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。
也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。
在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们就即将走进祈谷坛了，而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道，长360米，桥面上分为三条道，中间的是神道，东边是御道，西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢?这有两种说法，一种是说路面南低北高，步步高升，好像与天相连接的桥;而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。说到进牲门，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀，制成供品，所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关，因为一进去就有死无生了。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊，共有七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它不仅用来连接神厨神库，而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道，在长廊的东头，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要道这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石，都是风水镇石。可是这里命名有八块石头为什么叫七星呢?原来明代在这里放的的确是七块石头，而最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代，有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好，不利于国家，所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代，康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据，就派人考察山脉，发现泰山是长白山的余脉，所以就在原来七块石头的东北方有放了一小块儿青石，象征东北长白山，如果按这种说法，那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。
暂且不管他们怎么定论了。今天的观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人朋友。
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇8
大家好!欢迎你们来到黄山风景区。我是你们的导游。我叫靳瀚鸿。接下来，就让我为你们介绍黄山吧!
黄山是中国着名风景区之一，世界游览胜地。登黄山可从前山或后山上。慈光阁是前山票房，今天我们就从前山上。大家跟着我横穿公路走台阶道。前面就是半山寺。半山寺因为在玉屏楼和慈光阁中间而得名，半山寺为刘伯承手书，寺前可看金鸡叫天门等景点。
现在我们进入玉屏景区。看，这座就是天都峰。它位于黄山东南部，西对莲花峰，东连钵盂峰，离玉屏峰约1公里。天都峰为黄山三大主峰之一，36大峰之一，海拔1810米。古称“群仙所都”，意为天上都会，故取名“天都峰”。此峰特色是健骨竦桀，卓立地表，险峭雄奇，气势博大，在黄山群峰中，最为雄伟壮丽。与莲花峰、光明顶并称为黄山三大主峰。天都古时无路，难登峰顶。天都峰另有仙桃石、天梯、鱼背等奇景，以及探海松、舞松等奇松。峰壁巨岩上，有“登峰造极”等石刻。
这是莲花峰，海拔1864。7米，是黄山最高峰，也是华东地区第一高峰。这峰峻峭高耸，气势雄伟。因主峰突兀，小峰簇拥，俨若新莲初开，仰天怒放，故名“莲花峰”。百步云梯：200级台阶，下面的观景台可以看：猪八戒写情书(老僧入定)，鳌鱼吃螺蛳，老鼠偷油。鳌鱼峰：黄山36小峰之首。有鳌鱼驮金龟景，去莲花峰方向有左右两条路，左走一线天，右走鳌鱼洞。徐霞客在游记中说：莲花峰“居黄山之中，独出诸峰之上”，“即天都亦俯首矣”。
你们看啊，玉屏峰介于天都、莲花峰间，为36小峰之一，海拔1716米。峰壁如玉雕屏障，故名“玉屏峰”。玉屏峰前有巨石如平台，左有青狮石、迎客松;右有白象石、送客松、立雪台。玉屏峰上的迎客松，则是千千万万黄山松中的至宝，她雍容端庄，仪态万方，让人魂牵梦绕，流连忘返。在这里拍照吧!迎客松是黄山的代表和象征，更是黄山人的化身和骄傲，她不仅被黄山人视为珍宝，更被中国人视为国宝。
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇9
天坛导游词
各位游客大家好!这天，我们要浏览的是举世闻名的天坛。
天坛是我国重点文物保护单位，位于天北京城内崇文区永定门大街东侧，始建于明永乐十八年(1420年)，初名天地坛。嘉靖九年(1530年)增建圜丘坛、皇穹宇，改称天坛，是明清两代皇帝祭天祈谷之地。
天坛由圜丘、祈谷两坛组成。此刻大家看到的是圜丘坛，坛北为皇穹宇，是放置圜丘祭祀神牌之处。东西各有配殿5间，周围有圆形围墙环绕，墙壁面平整光滑，声波可由墙壁传递，这就是有名的回音壁。此刻参观的是祈谷坛，这个大门称祈年门，门北为坛，上层坛面正中是祈年殿。殿高38米，直径32。72米。殿内设雕龙宝座，是祭祀时放神牌的地方。祈年殿之北还有皇乾殿，是祈谷坛奉祀神位的供奉所。
1949年新中国建立后，天坛经多次维修，今已成为天坛公园，其庞大而独特的建筑艺术，在中外游客中享有极高的声誉。
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇10
大家好，我是这次旅游的导游，我姓_，大家能够叫我_导!
此刻快到目的地--北京天坛，所以我先给大家将一些注意事项：礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画这五点，记得哦!
乘客们，旅游景点已到，请大家有秩序的下车!此刻我们来到了天坛的正门，那里是皇帝前来祭祀时进出的大门。此刻，就让我一一地为大家介绍吧!
天坛，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端，是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。
天坛东西长1700米，南北宽1600米，种面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为孤圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，，通称天地墙，象徽古代天圆地方之说。
以上就是天坛的故事，时间不早了，此刻，大家自由参观拍照吧!--转眼间，我们的北京天坛一日游又结束了，大家有秩序的坐车回家吧!
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇11
ladies and gentlemen:
welcome to the temple of heaven. (after self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of china. there are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. all in all ，there are 12 million visitors very year. now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. it will take roughly one hour. mind you ，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the god of heaven.
the largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to heaven ，the temple of heaven served as an exclusive altar for chinese monarchs during the ming and qing dynasties. it was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship heaven and pray for good harvest. but why ?
the ancient chinese believed that heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind，and thus worshiping rites dedicated to heaven came into being.
the heaven the ancient chinese referred to was actually the universe， or nature. in those days， there were specfic rites of worship. this was especially true during the ming and qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.
the temple of heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of emperor youngle of the ming dynasty. situated in the southern part of the city ，this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. to better symbolize heaven and earth ，the northern part of the temple is circular while the southern part is square .the whole compound is enclosed by two walls， a square wall outside a round one. the outer area is characterized by suburban scenery， while the inner part is used for sacrifices. the inner enclosure consists of the hall of prayer for good harvest and the circular mound altar.
the circular mound altar is enclosed by two walls ，each containing four groups of southern lattice star gate， each in turn consisting of three doors， with 24 marble doors altogether. standing on the passage facing north， you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. this reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs， while the narrower one was used by courtiers.
on the day of the ceremony ，the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. he ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.
we are now on the top terrace of the altar， or the third terrace .each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. the number of stones in the first ring is 9， in the second ，18， up to 81 in the 9th ring. even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. but why?
according to ancient chinese philosophy， yin and yang were two opposing factors. heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the earth and even numbers belonged to yin. nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . what is more， the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.
once more look at the round stone in the center. the upper terrace is nine zhang (a chinese unit of length， one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ，while the middle is 15 zhang， the lower，21 zhang. classified as yang numbers， the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. what is more， by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples， the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized . the concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.
now i will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the inter solstice. the memorial tablet dedicated to heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace， while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. the service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. all of the lanterns would be lit .in the foreground， a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. on the square in front of the altar， the emperor， under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers， princes of royal blood ，musicians， dancers and uniformed soldiers， would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of heaven. when the service drew to a close ，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .all of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing god off .music and dancing would follow .in the end ，the emperor would return to the forbidden city secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by heaven until the next winter solstice.
it is interesting to note that ，the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. the stone ，which is known as the god`s heart stone， is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder， thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .you can try this out by yourself. (proceed northward to pass through the lattice stargate)
this structure is known as heaven` s storehouse. it is entered through the gate of glazed tiles. the roofing，beams， and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. this is the only structure of its kind in china today .
the heaven` s storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. douglas hurd， a former british foreigh secretary ，once said ， “god attends to his affairs on the cir4cular mound altar but stays here. ” now let` s go in to to see it (go through the left side door)
(in the courtyard of heaven` s storehouse)this is the imperial vault of heaven， the main structure of heaven` s storehouse. it was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. the structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ，and carved wooden doors and windows. it is decorated with colored paintings. founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ，the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.. the ramp is carved in “two dragons playing with a pearl ” design in relief. we will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.
the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. on top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ，or covered ceiling .the ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. the 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.
to the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. atop it ，up a wooden flight of 9 steps， is where the major tablet dedicate to heaven was enshrined. on each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex halls in the courtyard， there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun， moon ，constellation， cloud ，rain， wind and thunder.
aside from exquisitely laid out architectures， heaven` s storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features， i. e. the echo wall and the triple- sound stone. a mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side， although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. this is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ，solid bricks.
in front of the steps leading away from the halls is the triple sound stone. if you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands， the sound will echo once; on the second stone， the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone， the sound will repeat three times. hence the name. (go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)
the temple of heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60，000 cypress trees in all，among which over 4，000 are more than one hundred years old ，adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .this tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the nine-dragon cypress. it is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.
Now we are back again on the central axis. this brick-arched gate is known as chengzhen (adopting fidelity) .this gate is the northern gate of the circular mound altar and the hall of prayer for good harvest. the hall of prayer for good harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. it was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.
entering the hall of prayer for good harvest， we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long， which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. this broad north-south walkway， called danbiqiao (red stairway bridge)， connects the two sets of main building in the temple of heaven and constitutes a single axis.
the passage is divided into left， control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. the central and the widest path is known as heavenly thoroughfare ， which was reserved exclusively for god; nobody， including the emperor， was allowed to set foot onto it . the emperor used the path on the east，which is known as the imperial walk. the ministers and princes used the one on the west .interesting enough ，there is no walkway left for ordinary people. this is because the temple of heaven used to be off-limits to them.
contrary to appearances， this walkway is not a bridge at all . but how so ? this road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. the cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. all in all ，it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in beijing.
looking back at the thoroughfare， you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. as people approach the architectural group of the hall of prayer for good harvest， the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. here you are in heaven.
the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai， or costumechanging terrace. it is located to the east of the red stairway bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .it has marble slab balustrades. the day before the service ，officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. after the service，the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (proceed to the south gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest)
this structure is called the gate of pray for good harvest. we can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ，the hall of prayer for good harvest， though the colonnade of the gate. a gigantic and lofty group of buildings， the complex includes the gate of prayer for good harvest， the hall of prayer for good harvest， eastern and western annex halls ，the huanqian (imperial heaven) long corridor， heaven kitchen， slaughterhouse， etc.
the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ，to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .this unique building ，38 meters in height， is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. the roofing is made of blue glazed tiles， the color of the sky .underneath the roof， the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. the base of the structure is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace. at a distance， the terrace looks like a gigantic， spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it .
today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of beijing， which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.
the base of the hall is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace， which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ，covering a space of 4，000 square meters. meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. in the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs， there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud， dragon and phoenix designs. to set off the ramps， the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. in southern part of each tier， a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.
(in front of the hall of prayer for good harvest) climbing up this marble terrace， we see the main hall，a masterpiece of ancient china. looking up you will see the caisson， or covered ceiling， characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. in and out ， the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.
without the use of steel ，cement and nail， and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams，the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars， laths， joints and rafters. the four central pillars， called the dragon-well pillars， are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers， representing the four season. there are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each. the inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night .between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the chinese lunar year. the pillars， 28 in number， also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.
the center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab， which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. interestingly， the slab features natural black and white veins， corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. this particular slab is known as the dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.
the furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when emperor xianfeng ruled .in the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of heaven. on either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. each tablet is fronted by an altar. a total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ，including soup， wine， assorted cereals， and a calf.
the sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning， sometime in the first month of the chinese lunar year. because it was still dark， candles， lanterns and torches were lit. this lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ，helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.
by the time the service began，207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. the emperor， in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity， would walk slowly into the hall， kowtow， and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors. all of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for good harvest. with this we conclude our visit to the temper of heaven. the feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .however， this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.
from the eastern gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest， we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor. consisting of 72 sections， this corridor served as a connecting building between the slaughterhouse. heaven kitchen， and the main hall ，it is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. you may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.
well ，that is all for this tour. thank you for your attention. i look forward to your next visit. good luck and bon voyage.
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇12
亲爱的游客们，大家好!我叫王_ ，大家可以叫我王导。我是你们的导游，请大家跟好我的脚步，我们今天的景点是北京举世闻名的天坛。
下面我们来到了天坛的祈年殿。祈年殿是天坛最早的建筑物，殿有33米高大约11层楼房那么高。1887年八月二十四日，雷雨交加，祈年殿不幸被击中，烧毁。因柱为檀香木，香飘数里。
下面我们已经到达“天库”了，“天库里有三音石，”它就在黄穹宇里，只要在第一个三音石上拍一下，就回声一下，在第二个三音石上拍一下，就回声两下，在第三个三音石上拍一下，就回声三下，所以，它们才称为“三音石”。
黄穹宇里还有回音壁，你站在一端贴着墙小声说话，另一端的人只要耳朵贴着墙面就能听的异常清晰，还有立体效果哦!大家可以试试。这证明500年前的中国人已经能够运用声学了。是不是很有智慧呢?
现在我们来到了圆丘坛，它有两个防护墙，一些阶梯和古人的雕像。
游客们，现在你们可自由观赏，但请注意，不要乱涂乱画，带小孩的游客请管好你的小孩，两个小时后在天坛门口见。
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇13
现在我们来到了天坛，天坛是世界上现存的规模最大的古代皇家祭祀性建筑群，1998年被联合国教科文组织列为人类遗产目录。它完工于公元1420年，位于紫禁城的东南方向，在中轴线上有三组非常重要的建筑，自南向北依次是圜丘坛、皇穹宇及祈年殿。另外，园中西侧有斋宫等建筑，全园遍植古松，庄严肃穆。 1900年八国联军入侵北京，天坛也未能幸免于难。解放后，国家多次拨款对它进行修复。下面我就带大家参观。
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇14
Today, well go to visit the Temple of Heaven. First, I'll give you a brief introduction of it. The Temple of Heaven is situated in the southern part of Beijing. It was first built in 1420 in the Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of 273 hectares. The Temple of Heaven is not only the largest group of temple building in China, but also the largest heaven-worshipping architecture in the world.
Originally the Temple of Heaven was built according to the Temple of Heaven and Earth in Nanjing, so both heaven and earth were worshiped here, then it was called Temple of Heaven and Earth at that time. In 1530, another structure, Temple of Earth was built in the northern part of Beijing and the Heaven and Earth were worshipped separately. Since only Heaven was worshipped in here, it was renamed the Temple of Heaven.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Temple of Heaven was the place where the emperors came to worship the God of Heaven and pray for good harvest. The emperors came here twice a year. The first time was on the 15 th day of the first lunar month. The emperor would come to the Hall of the prayer for Good Harvest and held a big ceremony to pray for a bumper harvest. The second time was on Winter Solstice, and a sacrificial ceremony would be held at the Circular Mount Altar to offer a sacrifice to the Heaven.
Being a sacred place for worshipping heaven, the Temple of Heaven had been twice seriously damaged by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860 and the invading troops of the eight powers in 1900.
Architecturally speaking, the Temple of Heaven has two themes: the heave and the earth. The surrounding walls of the Temple of Heaven are 6 meters high with a semicircular wall to the north and square shaped wall to the south. This represents an ancient belief that the heaven was round and the earth was square. There are three main buildings in the Temple of Heaven, they are: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Imperial Heavenly Vault and the Circular Mound Altar.
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇15
各位游客，你们好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。
到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在这个典礼上，需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是这块天心石。它是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，各位游客不妨体验一下，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了“至高无上”“天”“宇宙”的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的“天心石”合称天坛三大声学现象。
回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙十分平滑，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰地听到对方说话。
三音石是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，站在第二块石头上拍手可以听到两次，而站在第三块石头上拍手就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。
在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们即将走进祈谷坛了，祈谷坛的主体建筑就是祈年殿，祈年殿是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。
圆形尖屋顶是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外焚烧，送上天宫。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条长廊，是祭祀时运送祭品的通道。
今天的观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人朋友。参考资料：地图团祝您一帆风顺。
关于北京天坛的经典导游词 篇16
各位游客：大家好，我是你们的导游_。
下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说，此刻大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛，从远出看是个八角形宝塔。
天坛是王屋的主峰，高峰耸寺深古纵横，一峰突起，万峰臣伏，唯我独尊，从南向北看中间高，两边低，好似屋顶像王者之屋，称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台，因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天，后人为了纪念，该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点，把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。
我们走过天坛，又来到了望景寺，那里能够这人观赏天坛的风景。
天坛是世界文化遗产，国家5A级旅游景区，全国重点礼貌保护单位。于北京正阳门，东南方自，为明清两朝皇帝祭天，求雨和祈，寿年专用祭坛，是世界上此刻规模最大，最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米。1918年作为公园正式对外开放。